Elimination of Gharar and Riba in Sharia E-Commerce Transactions: Implementation of Islamic Sale Principles in the Digital Era

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Sharia-compliant sale and purchase principles in modern e-commerce transactions, with a particular focus on the elimination of elements of gharar (uncertainty) and riba (usury). It further explores the challenges and strategic solutions associated with applying Islamic principles within the contemporary digital economy. The research adopts a qualitative textual analysis approach, drawing upon primary sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, and classical as well as contemporary fiqh literature. Secondary data are obtained from global Islamic finance industry reports and empirical studies related to Sharia e-commerce. The findings indicate that Sharia-compliant trading systems can be effectively implemented within e-commerce platforms through the application of principles of transparency, justice, and collective welfare (maslahah). Technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence have proven effective in mitigating elements of gharar, while payment structures based on murabahah and salam contracts successfully avoid riba-based practices. The global Islamic finance industry reached USD 3.69 trillion in 2023, reflecting the adaptability of Sharia principles within the modern economic landscape. This study offers a comprehensive framework for integrating Sharia-compliant sale principles into the digital e-commerce ecosystem, with particular emphasis on technological solutions to ensure Sharia compliance. However, the research is limited to theoretical analysis and literature review, thus requiring further empirical validation through case studies involving actual e-commerce platform implementations. The findings provide practical guidance for developers of Sharia-compliant e-commerce platforms and regulators in establishing a digital trade ecosystem that aligns with Islamic principles.