Individual Counseling Positive Self-Reinforcement Techniques To Reduce Student Bullying Behavior

Abstract

Bullying is aggressive behavior carried out by certain individuals or groups, whether verbally, physically, or cyberbullying and occurs repeatedly. The purpose of this research is to describe bullying behavior that occurs in students and to describe and analyze the stages of individual counseling services using positive self-reinforcement techniques. This research uses a qualitative approach, a case study research type. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis of this research includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of the study indicate that bullying behavior exhibited by students of SMP Negeri 2 Greged, Cirebon Regency indicates that bullying still occurs, although not widely, and tends to be hidden, such as teasing or ostracizing. Perpetrators, who are mostly male students, are often unaware that their actions are included in the category of bullying. The forms of bullying that often occur are verbal bullying, physical bullying, relational bullying, and cyberbullying. Individual counseling services using positive self-reinforcement techniques are effective in helping students reduce bullying behavior. Through positive reinforcement in the form of praise, giving meaningful tasks, and individual approaches, students who previously bullied showed behavioral changes for the better. The counseling stages include six stages, namely: (a) identification of behavior; (b) selection of reinforcement; (c) application of reinforcement; (d) self-monitoring; (e) periodic evaluation; and (f) reflection.